The ancient folklore behind the “Towers of Hanoi” puzzle invented by E. Lucas in 1883 is quite well known to us. One more recent legend tells us that the Brahmin monks from Benares never believed that the world could vanish at the moment they finished to transfer the 64 discs from the needle on which they were to one of the other needles, and they decided to finish the task as soon as possible. Fig: The Four Needle (Peg) Tower of Hanoi One of the priests at the Benares temple (who loved the mathematics) assured their colleagues to achieve the transfer in the afternoon (the rhythm they had thought was a disc-per-second) by using an additional needle. They couldn’t believe him, but he proposed them the following strategy:
He calculated the value to k in order to minimize the number of movements and get a total of 18433 transfers, so they spent just 5 hours, 7 minutes and 13 seconds against the more than 500000 millions years without the additional needle (as they would have to do 264 − 1 disc transfers. Can you believe it?) Try to follow the clever priest’s strategy and calculate the number of transfer using four needles but according with the fixed and immutable laws of Brahma, which require that the priest on duty must not move more than one disc at a time and that he must place this disc on a needle so that there is no smaller disc below it. Of course, the main goal is to calculate the k that minimize the number of transfers (even thought it is not know for sure that this is always the optimal number of movements).
The input file contains several lines of input. Each line contains a single integer N , which is the number of disks to be transferred. Here 0 ≤ N ≤ 10000. Input is terminated by end of file.
For each line of input produce one line of output which indicates the number of movements required to transfer the N disks to the final needle.
範例輸入 1
1 2 28 64
範例輸出 1
1 3 769 18433
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